Al-Azhar Mosque

Amid the maze of narrow streets and vibrant souks in Islamic Cairo, one landmark stands out not just for its striking beauty.

But for its immense historical and cultural significance: Al-Azhar Mosque. More than just a place of worship, Al-Azhar is a symbol of Islamic scholarship, a beacon of moderation, and one of the oldest continuously operating universities in the world.

A Mosque Founded in a New Capital

Al-Azhar Mosque was commissioned by Jawhar Al-Siqilli, a general of the Fatimid Caliphate, and officially opened for prayer in 970 AD — just one year after Cairo was founded. Named after Fatimah al-Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, the mosque was built as a central pillar of the newly established Fatimid capital.

Soon after its completion, Al-Azhar became not only a mosque but also a center of Islamic learning. By 988 AD, it had evolved into a university, attracting scholars and students from across the Islamic world.

A Legacy of Islamic Scholarship

For over a millennium, Al-Azhar University has stood as one of the most prestigious centers of Islamic thought. It has served as a global hub for Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, theology, Arabic grammar, and philosophy. Generations of scholars have studied and taught under its arches, and its influence spans the Muslim world.

Today, Al-Azhar continues to play a vital role in religious education and interfaith dialogue, with students from more than 100 countries studying at its modern university alongside its historic mosque.

Architectural Brilliance Through the Ages

Al-Azhar Mosque is a living mosaic of Islamic architectural styles, reflecting the many dynasties that ruled Egypt — from the Fatimids and Mamluks to the Ottomans and modern era.

Highlights of the Mosque:

• Five Minarets: Each minaret is unique, showcasing different architectural periods — with elegant decorations, intricate stone carvings, and distinctive shapes.
• Central Courtyard (Sahn): A wide, white marble courtyard surrounded by arcades and arched entrances, it’s a peaceful sanctuary in the heart of the city.
• Historic Prayer Halls: The interior is lined with rows of ancient columns, beautifully inscribed wooden beams, and traditional hanging lamps.
• Madrassas (Schools): Integrated into the mosque complex, these spaces were once home to some of the greatest minds in Islamic jurisprudence and science.

A Spiritual and Cultural Experience

Stepping into Al-Azhar Mosque is like walking into a timeless sanctuary. Whether you’re a devout Muslim, a curious traveler, or a student of history, the calm, scholarly atmosphere invites reflection and admiration.

Visitors often find locals studying quietly in the arcades, reading Qur’anic verses or engaged in religious discussions — a tradition that has endured for over 1,000 years.

How to Visit Al-Azhar Mosque

• Location: Situated in the heart of Islamic Cairo, across from Khan El Khalili and a short walk from Wekalet El Ghouri.
• Opening Hours: Generally open during the day and evening, except during prayer times. Modest dress is required.
• Photography: Allowed in most parts, but be respectful and discreet, especially during prayers.
• Dress Code: Women should cover their hair, arms, and legs. Scarves and galabeyas may be available at the entrance.
• Entrance: Free of charge, but donations are welcome.

A Place That Transcends Time

Al-Azhar is not just a mosque — it’s a living monument, a global university, and a pillar of faith and knowledge. It has withstood political shifts, dynastic changes, and cultural revolutions, yet it remains at the heart of Cairo — spiritually, intellectually, and architecturally.