Foundation of Al-Fustat (641 AD)
641 AD: After the Muslim conquest of Egypt, Amr ibn al-As founded the city of Al-Fustat - became the first capital of Islamic Egypt and served as the administrative center.
Founding of Al-Askar (750 AD)
The Abbasid Caliphate took control of Egypt, and a new city called Al-Askar was established north of Al-Fustat as the capital.
Founding of Al-Mu’izz's Cairo (969 AD)
Jawhar al-Siqilli, founded a new city called Al-Qahira (Cairo) just north of Al-Fustat. It was intended as the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate
The Mamluk Era and Flourishing Cairo (1250-1517 AD)
The Mamluks, took power and made Cairo a center of Islamic learning, culture, and architecture
French Invasion and Renaissance (1798-1801 AD)
Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt, After the French left, Muhammad Ali Pasha, often called the founder of modern Egypt, came to power and initiated reforms that revived Cairo.
the Egyptian Revolution (1952 AD)
The Free Officers Movement, led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, overthrew the monarchy, marking the end of British influence and the beginning of the Republic of Egypt.
This timeline provides an overview of the key historical moments that have shaped Cairo into the city it is today a rich tapestry of cultures, influences, and histories.